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::''This page assumes familiarity with the terms and components used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process. '' The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has found widespread application in many areas of genetic analysis. For most, if not all of these applications, alternative methods of DNA (or RNA) amplification, can be substituted. For example helicase-dependent amplification (HDA) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) are isothermal alternatives to PCR that can be used for the same purposes. This is a list of some of these applications: ==Medical applications== PCR has been applied to a large number of medical procedures: * The first application of PCR〔Saiki RK et al. "Enzymatic Amplification of β-globin Genomic Sequences and Restriction Site Analysis for Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Anemia" Science vol. 230 pp. 1350-54 (1985).〕 was for genetic testing, where a sample of DNA is analyzed for the presence of genetic disease mutations. Prospective parents can be tested for being genetic carriers, or their children might be tested for actually being affected by a disease. DNA samples for prenatal testing can be obtained by amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, or even by the analysis of rare fetal cells circulating in the mother's bloodstream. PCR analysis is also essential to preimplantation genetic diagnosis, where individual cells of a developing embryo are tested for mutations. * PCR can also be used as part of a sensitive test for tissue typing, vital to organ transplantation. As of 2008, there is even a proposal to replace the traditional antibody-based tests for blood type with PCR-based tests.〔Quill E "Blood-Matching Goes Genetic" Science Magazine (14 March 2008) pp. 1478-1479.〕 * Many forms of cancer involve alterations to oncogenes. By using PCR-based tests to study these mutations, therapy regimens can sometimes be individually customized to a patient. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Applications of PCR」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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